A private letter from the Internal Revenue Service explains that meals and lodging costs for assisted living may be deducted as medical expenses if the individual is in the facility for qualifying medical reasons. The letter explains the types of conditions that would meet the standards in order to qualify these costs as tax deductible.
For insurance agents and brokers, this is good information to save and share with accountants and tax professionals who may be working with family members with a parent (or parents) residing in an assisted living community.
Here is a copy of the IRS letter dated December 18, 2008
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224
Number: INFO 2009-0010
Release Date: 1/2/2008
UIL: 213.00-00
CONEX-149526-08
The Honorable Edward Markey
Member, U.S. House of Representatives
5 High Street, Suite 101
Medford, MA 02155
------------------------------
Dear Congressman Markey:
This letter responds to your inquiry dated December 10, 2008, on behalf of your
constituent (name withheld) who asked about the deductibility of expenses paid
to care for her mother, who is in an assisted care program because she suffers from
Alzheimer’s disease.
As a general rule, taxpayers may not deduct personal, family, or living expenses
(section 262(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code)). However, an exception
allows taxpayers to deduct expenses that they pay for medical care of the taxpayer, the
taxpayer’s spouse, or the taxpayer’s dependent, subject to certain limitations, if the
expenses are not covered by insurance (section 213(a) of the Code). For purposes of
this deduction, medical care expenses include amounts paid for the treatment or
mitigation of a mental illness and amounts paid for qualified long-term care services
(section 213(d)(1) of the Code).
Qualified long-term care services are certain services that a chronically ill individual
requires, and that a licensed health care practitioner prescribes under a plan of care
(section 7702B(c)(1) of the Code). An individual is chronically ill if the individual meets
one of two “triggers.” The first trigger is the inability to perform at least two daily living
activities without substantial assistance from another individual for at least 90 days.
Daily living activities include eating, toileting, transferring, bathing, dressing, and
continence (section 7702B(c)(2)(B) of the Code). The second trigger is a severe
cognitive impairment that requires substantial supervision to protect the individual from
threats to health and safety (section 7702B(c)(2)(A) of the Code).
What level of assistance with daily living activities is required to meet the first of the two triggers—the inability to perform at least two daily living activities without substantial assistance from another individual. In Notice 97-31, 1997-1 C.B. 417, we define “substantial assistance” as either “hands-on assistance” or “standby assistance.”
Hands-on assistance means the physical assistance of another person without which
the individual could not perform the activity. Standby assistance means the presence of
another person within arm’s reach of the individual that is necessary to prevent, by
physical intervention, injury to the individual while the individual is performing the activity
(such as being ready to catch the individual if the individual falls while getting into or out
of the bathtub or shower as part of bathing, or being ready to remove food from the
individual’s throat if the individual chokes while eating).
Notice 97-31 also provides guidance about the second trigger—a severe cognitive
impairment that requires substantial supervision to protect the individual from threats to
health and safety. The notice defines a “severe cognitive impairment” as a loss or
deterioration in intellectual capacity that is comparable to (and includes) Alzheimer’s
disease and similar forms of irreversible dementia, and is measured by clinical evidence
and standardized tests that reliably measure impairment in the individual’s:
Short-term or long-term memory,
Orientation as to people, places or time, and
Deductive or abstract reasoning.
“Substantial supervision” means continual supervision (which may include cuing by
verbal prompting, gestures, or other demonstrations) by another person that is
necessary to protect the severely cognitively impaired individual from threats to his or
her health or safety (such as may result from wandering).
The individual also asked whether meals provided with long-term care services are deductible
medical care expenses. If an individual is in a hospital or another institution because of
a mental illness, the meals and lodging furnished as a necessary incident to medical
care are considered medical care expenses (section 1.213-1(e)(1)(v) of the Income Tax
Regulations (the regulations)). This regulation applies to individuals who must be in the
facility because of a mental illness that makes it unsafe for them to be left alone (section
1.213-1(e)(1)(v)(a) of the regulations).
However, if the principal reason for being in the facility is based on personal or family considerations, rather than the need for medical care, the cost of the meals and lodging is not a medical care expense. Only the cost of the medical care itself would be deductible (section 1.213-1(e)(1)(v)(b) of the regulations). Thus, expenses for meals and lodging that are non-deductible personal expenses at the onset of a mental illness may be deductible medical expenses after the
illness has progressed. For example, expenses for meals and lodging at a minimal-care
assisted living facility are non-deductible personal expenses. However, expenses for
meals and lodging in a constant-care nursing home may be deductible medical care
expenses if the meals and lodging are furnished as a necessary incident to medical
care.
Sincerely,
Kimberly L. Koch
Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 2
(Income Tax & Accounting)
For more information on long-term care insurance, please visit the Website of the American Association for
Long-Term Care Insurance.
A new consumer guide to long-term care insurance protection has just been published by the American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance. The eight-page booklet specifically addresses the issues and options facing women.